R E S O U R C E S
VIDEOS
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LEARNING ACTIVITY ANSWERS
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PRACTICE TEST ANSWERS
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K E Y K N O W L E D G E
K E Y D E F I N I T I O N S
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
MODELS TO EXPLAIN LEARNING
Define learning and conditioning. 2 marks.
Define classical conditioning. 1 mark.
Explain the three-phase process of classical conditioning with an example. Define each stimulus/response. 6 marks.
What is the acquisition phase? 1 mark.
Explain the importance of the following: 3 marks
- nature of the response that is conditioned
- frequency of stimulus presentation during conditioning
- timing of stimulus presentation during conditioning
When can it be said that a response has been learned and the final phase is evident?
Define stimulus generalisation with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define stimulus discrimination with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define extinction with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define spontaneous recovery with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define conditioned emotional response, referring to Little Albert and how that experiment illustrates how classical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response. 3 marks.
Outline some ethical implications of the experiment. 3 marks.
Define operant conditioning. 1 mark.
Define an operant. 1 mark.
Explain the difference between involuntary and voluntary responses. 3 marks.
Explain the three-phase model of operant conditioning, defining/explaining each phase. 6 marks.
How could operant conditioning be used to teach a child how to make their bed. 6 marks (be sure to do a before and after model)
Define reinforcement and reinforcer. 2 marks
Define positive reinforcer and positive reinforcement. 2 marks.
Define negative reinforcer and negative reinforcement. 2 marks.
Define punishment. 1 mark.
Define positive and negative punishment. 2 marks.
Define response cost.
DIAGRAM - Draw a grid showing the difference between reinforcement, punishment, positive and negative. (i.e. reinforcement and punishment should go horizontally, and positive and negative should go vertically). Explain the diagram.
Define stimulus generalisation with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
Define stimulus discrimination with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
Define extinction with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
Define spontaneous recovery with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
TABLE - Complete the table on page 250 outlining the difference between the features of CC and OC.
TABLE - Create a table comparing and contrasting CC and OC.
Define observational learning. 1 mark.
Define social learning. 1 mark.
Define vicarious conditioning with an example. 2 marks.
Define vicarious reinforcement with an example. 2 marks.
Define vicarious punishment with an example. 2 marks.
Why is observation learning also referred to as modelling? 1 mark.
Distinguish between a live model and a symbolic model. 2 marks.
Explain the observational learning processes. 5 marks. (remember the acronym!).
Define classical conditioning. 1 mark.
Explain the three-phase process of classical conditioning with an example. Define each stimulus/response. 6 marks.
What is the acquisition phase? 1 mark.
Explain the importance of the following: 3 marks
- nature of the response that is conditioned
- frequency of stimulus presentation during conditioning
- timing of stimulus presentation during conditioning
When can it be said that a response has been learned and the final phase is evident?
Define stimulus generalisation with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define stimulus discrimination with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define extinction with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define spontaneous recovery with an example in regards to CC. 2 marks.
Define conditioned emotional response, referring to Little Albert and how that experiment illustrates how classical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response. 3 marks.
Outline some ethical implications of the experiment. 3 marks.
Define operant conditioning. 1 mark.
Define an operant. 1 mark.
Explain the difference between involuntary and voluntary responses. 3 marks.
Explain the three-phase model of operant conditioning, defining/explaining each phase. 6 marks.
How could operant conditioning be used to teach a child how to make their bed. 6 marks (be sure to do a before and after model)
Define reinforcement and reinforcer. 2 marks
Define positive reinforcer and positive reinforcement. 2 marks.
Define negative reinforcer and negative reinforcement. 2 marks.
Define punishment. 1 mark.
Define positive and negative punishment. 2 marks.
Define response cost.
DIAGRAM - Draw a grid showing the difference between reinforcement, punishment, positive and negative. (i.e. reinforcement and punishment should go horizontally, and positive and negative should go vertically). Explain the diagram.
Define stimulus generalisation with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
Define stimulus discrimination with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
Define extinction with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
Define spontaneous recovery with an example in regards to OC. 2 marks.
TABLE - Complete the table on page 250 outlining the difference between the features of CC and OC.
TABLE - Create a table comparing and contrasting CC and OC.
Define observational learning. 1 mark.
Define social learning. 1 mark.
Define vicarious conditioning with an example. 2 marks.
Define vicarious reinforcement with an example. 2 marks.
Define vicarious punishment with an example. 2 marks.
Why is observation learning also referred to as modelling? 1 mark.
Distinguish between a live model and a symbolic model. 2 marks.
Explain the observational learning processes. 5 marks. (remember the acronym!).
